End Notes

1. Auden, “Shorts,” Collected Poems. Vintage and Faber paperback, 1991: 571

2. “Death Rate by Age and Age-adjusted Death Rates for the 15 Leading
Causes of Death, 2001,” National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 52,
September 18, 2003: 28-29

3. “Additional Hospice Policy Information by Category” Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, Additional Hospice Policy Information by Category, Miscellaneous, September 16, 2004, <http://www.cms.hhs.gov/providers/hospiceps/hospiceadd.asp>

4. Tomlinson versus Bayberry Care Center, Mt. Diablo Hospital Medical Center, et al. California, 2003

5. Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, <http://www.m-w.com/>

6. “History of Hospice Care,” Hospice and Palliative Care, The National Hospice and Palliative Care Organization, <http://www.nhpco.org/i4a/pages/index.cfm?pageid=3285>.

7. Ibid.

8. “Six Frequently Asked Questions,” Hospice and Palliative Care, The National Hospice and Palliative Care Organization, <www.nhpco.org/i4a/pages/index.cfm?pageid=3306&openpage=3306>

9. von Gunten, CF, “Discussing Hospice Care,” The Art of Oncology: When the Tumor is Not the Target, Journal of Clinical Oncology, Vol 20, Issue 5 (March), 2002: 1419-1424,

10. “The Hospice Medicaid Education Project, Overview,” Hospice Foundation of America, <www.hospicefoundation.org/hfaPublications/florida/florida_iii.pdf>.

11. “Additional Hospice Policy Information by Category”

12. “Palliative Care for Children,” Pediatrics, Vol. 106, No. 2 August 2000: 351

13. “Number of Deaths from 113 Selected Causes By Age, 2001,” National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 52, September 18, 2003: 30-33

14. Hilden, JM, et al., “Attitudes and Practices Among Pediatric Oncologists Regarding End-of-Life Care: Results of the 1998 American Society of Clinical Oncology Survey,” Journal of Clinical Oncology, Vol 19, No. 1 January 2001: 205-212

15. "Palliative Care for Children,”

16. Sophocles A, et al., “Children,” Pain Management in Special Populations, TIV, Inc., 2004:13

17. Ibid

18. ”Fears,” Cancer Pain Management for Children, Texas Cancer Council, <www.childcancerpain.org/content.cfm?content=barr03>.

19. ”Pain in Children with Cancer: The World Health Organization-IASP Guidelines,” Cancer Pain Relief, World Health Organization (WHO), December 1998, Geneva: WHO, 1998, <www.whocancerpain.wisc.edu/>.

20. Shavit I, Hershman, E, “Management of Children Undergoing Painful Procedures in the Emergency Department by Non-anesthesiologists,” The Israel Medical Association Journal (IMAJ) Vol. 6, June 2004: 350-354

21. ”A Peaceful Death,” Children’s Hospital, PBS, July 2002, <www.pbs.org/opb/childrenshospital/parents>.

22. Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, <www.m-w.com/netdict.htm>.

23. Siegler, M, quoted in NY Times, 18 August 1986, included in “The World: Medicine: Physicians and the Medical World,” Simpson’s Contemporary Quotations, Bartleby.com, <www.bartleby.com/63/94/2894.html>.

24. Personal interview, Florence Kohler, December 2004

25.The Constitution of the United States, 14th Amendment, ratified July 28, 1868

26. “Advance Directives,” Cancer Facts, National Cancer Institute®, March 7, 2000, <www.cis.nci.nih.gov>.

27. “Advance Directives and Do-Not-Resuscitate Orders” American Family Physician, Online Newsletter of the American Academy of Family
Physicians, October 1, 2000,
<www.aafp.org/afp/20001001/1683ph.html>.

28. “Uniform Determination of Death Act,” Introductions & Adoptions Of Uniform Acts, The National Council of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws, <www.nccusl.org/>.

29. “Oregon’s Death With Dignity Act,” Physician-assisted Suicide, Oregon Department of Human Services, s<www.dhs.state.or.us/publichealth/chs/pas/pas.cfm>.

30. “Sixth Annual Report on Oregon’s Death With Dignity Act,” Oregon Departments of Human Services, March 2004, <www.dhs.state.or.us/publichealth/chs/pas/03pasrpt.pdf>.

31. ”OARS Reporting Requirements of the Oregon Death With Dignity Act,” Physician-Assisted Suicide, Oregon Department of Human Services, <www.dhs.state.or.us/publichealth/chs/pas/oars.cfm>.

32. ”Death with Dignity FAQ’s/Section 2:Doctor,” Dying Well Network, <www.togopeacefully.com/#CONTENTS>.

33. “Death with Dignity FAQ’s/Section 2:Doctor,”

34. “E-2.211Physician-Assisted Suicide,” American Medical Association, Last updated June 2002, <www.amaassn.org/ama/pub/category/8459.html>.

35. Okie, S “Country's Doctors Remain Divided Over PhysicianAssisted Suicide,” Washington Post Newspaper, Wednesday, January 8, 1997; Page A15

36. “Survey of Physicians,” Physician Assisted Suicide, Religious Tolerance.org, <www.religioustolerance.org/euth_us3.htm#doctor>.

37. “Sixth Annual Report on Oregon’s Death With Dignity Act”

38. Ganzini, L, Nelson, HD, Lee, MA, Kraemer, DF, Schmidt, TA, Delorit, MA, “Oregon Physicians' Attitudes About and Experiences With End-of Life Care,” Journal of American Medical Association (JAMA),17 Vol. 285, No.18, May 9, 2001,

39. “Palliative Care for Children,” American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) Policy Statement, AAP, <www.app.org/>.

40. “Goals of Pain Management in Terminally Ill Children,” Cancer Pain Management in Children, The Texas Cancer Council, December 2004, <www.childcancerpain.org/frameset.cfm?content=tdc01>.

41. “Palliative Care for Children”

42. Yount L, “Physicians and Assisted-Suicide and Euthanasia,” Library in a Book, ©Lisa Yount 2000, <http://www.assets.cambridge.org/>.

43. “Coma and Persistent Vegetative State Information Page,” National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, December 3, 2004, <www.cancer.org>.

44. “A Twentieth Century Chronology of Voluntary Euthanasia and Physician-assisted Suicide,” Death and Dying, About.com, December
2004, <http://www.dying.about.com/cs/euthanasia/l/bl_timeline.htm>.

45. Ibid

46. “What Is a Life-Sustaining Medical Treatment?” American Cancer Society, December 2004, <www.cancer.org/docroot/MIT/content/MIT_3_2X>.

47. “6.01 The Case of Nancy Cruzan,” Death With Dignity FAQs: Section 6, Dying Well Network, <www.togopeacefully.com/HISTORY.html>.

48. Cruzan v. Director, MDH, 497 U.S. 261 (1990)

49. Uelmen, GF, “Mortal Decisions: Who Decides?” Markkula Center for Applied Ethics, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, California, <www.scu.edu/ethics/publications/iie/v4n2/homepage.html.>

50. Giacomini M, “A change of heart and a change of mind?” Technology and the redefinition of death in 1968,” PubMed, National Library of Medicine, <www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed& list_uids=9160437&dopt=Abstract>

51. “Facts About the Patient Self Determination Act,” Partnership for Caring, February 2001, <www.partnershipforcaring.org/Resources/pdf/psda.pdf>.

52. “Terri’s Law Ruled Unconstitutional,” WorldNetDaily, May 2004, <www.worldnetdaily.com/news/article.asp?ARTICLE_ID=38373&X=1>.

53. “Statement By: Governor Jeb Bush Regarding Theresa Schiavo,” Year in Review, My Florida.com, <www.myflorida.com/myflorida/governorsoffice/review_year/theresa-10-21-03.html>

54. “Medscape Instant Polling,” Medscape from WebMD, Poll conducted 31-Oct-2003 – 08-Nov-2003, <www.medscape.com/px/instantpollservlet/result?PollID=940&BlackURL=null>.

55. Porter, MW, “1999 Revisions to Florida's Advance Directive Law,” FindLaw. <library.lp.findlaw.com>.

56. “Failure to Respect Advance Directives Is Medical Battery,” Pain and Palliative Care Reporter, Painlaw.org, <www.painlaw.org/medicalbattery.html#When%20an%20advance%20directive%20applies>.

57. Personal Interview, Catherine Wood, December 15, 2004.

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